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2025
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01
Homogeneous membrane electrodialysis: A green solution for zero discharge in wastewater treatment
Author：
In the current context of global water resource scarcity and increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, achieving zero discharge in wastewater treatment has become a key goal in water resource management and pollution control. Homogeneous membrane electrodialysis (HMD), as an advanced ion separation technology, holds great potential in this field due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness.
Technical Principle: Homogeneous membrane electrodialysis is a membrane separation technology based on the effect of an electric field. By leveraging the selective permeability of homogeneous ion-exchange membranes, under the influence of an external electric field, charged particles (mainly ions) in the solution migrate, achieving component separation. The core of this technology lies in the use of high-performance homogeneous ion-exchange membranes, which feature single ionization, high electrolyte concentration, high separation efficiency, uniform chemical structure, small pores, low membrane resistance, and excellent electrochemical performance. The process mainly involves ion transport within the membrane and fluid transport outside the membrane. Within the membrane, ions move from high concentration areas to low concentration areas under the drive of electric field force and osmotic pressure, forming an electrochemical equilibrium. Outside the membrane, fluid dynamics force causes the fluid to flow through the membrane pores from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, creating a pressure difference. The combined effect of these two processes enables efficient separation of charged ions.
Application in Wastewater Treatment: Firstly, it deeply purifies water quality. In the zero-discharge process of wastewater treatment, this technology is often used as a deep treatment step to remove residual dissolved salts, heavy metal ions, and other charged pollutants from wastewater, significantly improving water quality and meeting strict discharge or reuse standards, thereby reducing negative environmental impacts. Secondly, it enables resource recovery and promotes a circular economy. During the treatment process, the high-concentration salts and valuable substances accumulated in the concentrated water chamber can be further processed into industrial raw materials or by-products, such as industrial salt and chemical raw materials, reducing treatment costs and environmental impacts. Thirdly, it is flexible and efficient. By adjusting operating parameters and membrane module configurations, customized treatment solutions can be developed for different types of wastewater to meet specific water quality and discharge standards. It can also be combined with other processes to enhance treatment efficiency and water quality.
Application Cases in Multiple Fields: In the pharmaceutical industry, it can efficiently remove salts and organic substances from pharmaceutical wastewater, such as improving the purity of glufosinate-ammonium production. In the chemical industry, it helps achieve zero discharge of wastewater from catalyst production, such as realizing the resource utilization of wastewater containing sodium nitrate in rare earth catalyst production. In industrial fields like coal-fired power plants, it leads the transformation of desulfurization wastewater treatment and also performs well in the production of viscose fiber.
Although homogeneous membrane electrodialysis technology plays a significant role in zero-discharge wastewater treatment, it faces challenges such as membrane fouling, energy consumption optimization, concentrated water treatment, and resource utilization. In the future, it is necessary to develop new ion-exchange membrane materials, optimize system design and operation processes, and explore efficient concentrated water treatment and resource utilization methods to provide more green and sustainable solutions for water resource protection and environmental governance, and promote the development of related industries.
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