14
2025
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07
Homogeneous membrane electrodialysis: cracking the problem of zero discharge of high salt wastewater in zirconia industry
Author：
As an important basic chemical product of zirconium salt, zirconium oxide is widely used in the fields of high-temperature-resistant materials, refractory materials, ceramic products and artificial diamonds due to its high melting point, low resistivity, high refractive index and low coefficient of thermal expansion. At present, there are various methods to produce zirconium oxide in industry, among which the neutralization and precipitation method commonly used in the field of fine ceramics will produce a large amount of ammonia and nitrogen wastewater due to the need to add ammonia in the production process. If this kind of high salt wastewater is directly discharged without proper treatment, it will not only seriously damage the surrounding ecological environment, but also cause a great waste of resources, which will restrict the sustainable development of the enterprise.
In this context, homogeneous membrane electrodialysis (HMED) technology has emerged as a new solution for the treatment of high salt wastewater in the zirconia industry. Homogeneous membrane electrodialysis makes use of the special selective permeability of homogeneous ion exchange membrane -- the negative membrane only allows the transmission of anion and the positive membrane only allows the transmission of cation. Under the action of DC electric field, the anion and cation in the wastewater are prompted to migrate to the anode and the cathode respectively to realize the high-efficiency concentration of salt and the purification and desalination of wastewater. In the wastewater treatment project of zirconia production in a factory, the average daily volume of treated water reaches 1350 tons, and the salt content of the original wastewater is about 2%. After the pH adjustment by hydrochloric acid, the wastewater entered the two-stage homogeneous membrane electrodialysis system successively, and the conductivity was successfully reduced to about 4000μs/cm after treatment. Subsequently, the wastewater passes through nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and other in-depth treatments, and the water produced by reverse osmosis can be reused, while the highly concentrated concentrated water produced by electrodialysis (with salt content of more than 10%) enters into the evaporation system, and the solid ammonium chloride is finally produced, thus realizing the goal of zero wastewater discharge.
Compared with the traditional treatment process, homogeneous membrane electrodialysis technology has significant advantages. On the one hand, this technology does not need to add a large number of chemicals in the treatment process, effectively avoiding the problem of secondary pollution; on the other hand, it has a high degree of automation, easy to operate, and can be programmed to achieve automated rinsing, inverted poles, and chemical cleaning and other functions, which greatly reduces the cost of manual operation and labor intensity. In addition, in terms of resource recycling, homogeneous membrane electrodialysis technology helps zirconia production wastewater to realize the recycling of water resources and the recovery of valuable substances such as ammonium chloride, turning waste into treasure and creating additional economic benefits for the enterprise.
With the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and the increasing emphasis on sustainable development, homogeneous membrane electrodialysis technology in the zirconium oxide industry and even the entire field of high-salt wastewater treatment prospects will become more and more broad. It can not only help enterprises to solve wastewater treatment problems and meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, but also promote the industry towards green, recycling and sustainable direction, realizing a win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection.
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