NEWS CENTER

15

2025

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09

New path for cost reduction and pollution control in electroplating plants: Electrodialysis facilitates the implementation of zero wastewater discharge

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Electroplating wastewater is complex in composition, containing heavy metal ions such as chromium, nickel and copper, as well as a large amount of salt substances. Direct discharge will seriously pollute the environment. Achieving zero emissions is an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development of the electroplating industry, and electrodialysis technology, with its highly efficient separation performance, has become one of the core treatment processes in this field.

The working principle of electrodialysis technology is that under the action of a direct current electric field, the selective permeability of ion-exchange membranes is utilized to cause the ions in wastewater to undergo directional migration. Cation exchange membranes allow cations to pass through, while anion exchange membranes allow anions to pass through. Under the drive of an electric field, ions move towards the corresponding electrodes respectively, thereby achieving the separation of ions from water. In the zero-discharge project of electroplating wastewater, the electrodialysis system is usually in the advanced treatment stage after pretreatment. The wastewater first undergoes pretreatment such as a grid, a regulating tank, and chemical sedimentation to remove suspended particles and some heavy metals, and then enters the electrodialysis equipment. At this point, heavy metal ions and salts in the wastewater migrate to the concentration chamber under the action of the electric field. The purified fresh water can be directly reused in the electroplating cleaning process, significantly improving the utilization rate of water resources.

The core advantage of this technology lies in its high separation efficiency, which can reduce the salt concentration in wastewater from several thousand mg/L to below several hundred mg/L, meeting the reuse standards. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of the electrodialysis process is relatively low, the operating cost is controllable, and the equipment occupies a small area, making it suitable for installation in environments with limited space such as electroplating workshops. The concentrated liquid produced by electrodialysis contains high concentrations of heavy metals and salts and requires further treatment. By combining with the evaporation crystallization process, the concentrated liquid can be evaporated into solid salt, and the heavy metals in it can be recycled and reused through resource utilization technology, truly achieving "zero discharge" of pollutants. In practical applications, it is necessary to optimize the selection and arrangement of electrodialysis membranes based on the characteristics of wastewater quality, regularly clean the membrane modules to prevent pollution and blockage, and at the same time, adjust parameters such as voltage and flow rate through an intelligent control system to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system.

At present, electrodialysis technology has been successfully applied in many large-scale electroplating parks in China. It not only helps enterprises meet environmental protection emission standards but also creates significant economic benefits through water resource recycling and heavy metal recovery, providing reliable technical support for the green transformation of the electroplating industry.

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